Importance of AI Sovereignty and Future Outlook for AI Security in Malaysia

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the global economy and society, bringing with it a critical issue: sovereignty. AI sovereignty refers to a country's control over its data, infrastructure, and applications, which is crucial for safeguarding data security, fostering innovation, and driving economic growth. In Malaysia, this vision aligns closely with the efforts of the Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC) and the newly established National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO). This article explores the importance of AI sovereignty, the efforts made by other countries, and how Malaysia, through NAIO, can establish its own AI sovereignty framework.

Why AI Sovereignty Matters

In today's data-driven world, AI sovereignty is no longer a luxury but a necessity. The concept of AI sovereignty goes beyond just using AI technologies within national borders; it also encompasses control over data storage, processing, and the development of local AI capabilities. This control is essential because AI models typically rely on vast amounts of data to make decisions or provide insights. When this data resides outside of national borders, there is a risk of unauthorized access or misuse, posing significant threats to national security and economic stability.

Countries that lack control over AI systems are vulnerable to external influence, which could lead to the loss of competitive advantage and jeopardize the privacy of their citizens. For Malaysia, achieving AI sovereignty means building an AI ecosystem that adapts to its unique cultural, economic, and security needs, enhancing the nation's independence in a data-driven future.

Global AI Sovereignty Efforts

Globally, many countries have recognized the need for AI sovereignty and are taking measures to build AI systems that cater to their regional and linguistic characteristics. Here are a few examples:

• United Arab Emirates (UAE): Through the "Falcon" model, the UAE has created AI systems designed for Arabic-language applications, focusing on enterprise-level solutions in sectors like banking and healthcare. This model enables the UAE to meet its needs without relying on foreign AI technologies, thereby maintaining control over sensitive data.
• China: The country has developed one of the world's largest language models—WuDao 2.0—which positions China as a formidable force in AI development. This model reduces China's reliance on foreign AI technologies, mitigating risks associated with data security and digital espionage.
• Russia: The YaLM model developed by Yandex serves as a local alternative to international models like GPT-3, specifically addressing the linguistic and regulatory needs of Russia. This localized approach ensures the resilience of Russia's digital economy without dependence on external AI technologies.
• Singapore: Singapore has focused on developing the SEA-LION model, which supports applications for Southeast Asian languages, ensuring inclusivity and data privacy while meeting the demands of the local market.

These examples demonstrate that AI sovereignty allows nations to safeguard data security, adapt to specific cultural or linguistic contexts, and enhance economic independence. For Malaysia, following these efforts could involve creating models that support local languages such as Malay and various indigenous languages, along with frameworks that protect national interests.

A Forward-Looking Vision: The National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO)

Malaysia's vision for AI sovereignty is embodied in the strategic establishment of the National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO), as detailed in recent government announcements. The NAIO aims to shape the future of AI in Malaysia by encouraging public and private sectors to adopt AI technologies that align with national priorities. One of NAIO's key functions will be to oversee and manage Malaysia's AI infrastructure and datasets, fostering a responsible and secure AI ecosystem. In line with this initiative, related programs have emphasized the need for a National Sovereign Large Language Model (NSLLM), which will focus on Malaysia's unique needs in sectors such as healthcare, financial services, and public services. By developing a domestic large language model, Malaysia can not only ensure data security but also foster innovations suited to its socio-economic environment.

Challenges and Future Opportunities

While AI sovereignty offers significant benefits, the road ahead is not without challenges. Key issues include building robust data governance policies, investing in infrastructure, and nurturing skilled talent. Countries like the UAE and Singapore have effectively addressed these challenges by establishing collaborations between government, academia, and industry. Malaysia can similarly leverage the support of institutions like NAIO and MDEC, adopting these collaborative models to build a skilled workforce and ensure the sustainability of its AI sovereignty efforts.

Overcoming these challenges also presents Malaysia with the opportunity to become a regional leader in AI, creating exportable solutions tailored to Southeast Asian needs and contributing to the region's economic resilience.

Conclusion

AI sovereignty is crucial for ensuring national data security, fostering local innovation, and enhancing economic independence. For Malaysia, initiatives like NAIO and NSLLM are key milestones in this journey, positioning the country as a secure AI-driven economy for the future. By learning from other countries' experiences and establishing frameworks that support local development, Malaysia can ensure that its AI sovereignty efforts protect national interests while fostering a robust digital ecosystem. With careful planning, investment, and collaboration, Malaysia can carve out a space in the global AI landscape and secure its future in the digital age.

This article first appeared in Oriental Daily Online on November 5, 2024 AI主权重要性及大马AI安全未来展望

About the author(s)

Ts. Tan Aik Keong is the CEO and founder of Agmo Group a renowned digital solution provider in Malaysia. He also serves as a council member for Majlis Ekonomi Digital & Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat Negara (MED4IRN). With over a decade of experience in emerging technology like AI, Blockchain, Mobile and Web Application, he has led Agmo to successfully serve numerous industries and prominent clients worldwide.